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GSnake
Tux's lil' helper
Joined: 10 Sep 2012
Posts: 120
Location: Italy
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 Posted: Thu Sep 13, 2012 9:53 am Post subject: Kernel infos [Newbie inside] |
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Hello guys. I'm starting to love linux and the best part, IMHO, is the kernel compiling.
BUT, I've got a lot of doubts... how can I add new "features" to it?
Like a new governor, a new built in module for a specific peripheral...
I prefer to create an "all-in" kernel (without using modules) but... If I want to add a new feature should I recompile it over and over again?
Last but not least, what does really genkernel do? Why should I use the "initramfs"?
Thank you guys! |
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DaggyStyle
Watchman
Joined: 22 Mar 2006
Posts: 5941
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| Posted: Thu Sep 13, 2012 10:39 am Post subject: Re: Kernel infos [Newbie inside] |
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| GSnake wrote: | Hello guys. I'm starting to love linux and the best part, IMHO, is the kernel compiling.
BUT, I've got a lot of doubts... how can I add new "features" to it?
Like a new governor, a new built in module for a specific peripheral...
I prefer to create an "all-in" kernel (without using modules) but... If I want to add a new feature should I recompile it over and over again?
Last but not least, what does really genkernel do? Why should I use the "initramfs"?
Thank you guys! |
have to considered reading the gentoo handbook? there is a section here about kernel config which explains it.
I refer my kernel as monolithic at most because of memory consumption that isn't needed.
genkernel suppose to build you a generic kernel which should work on all systems, it isn't customized to your system.
regarding initramfs, read this: http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/Initramfs
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Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity and I'm not sure about the former - Albert Einstein |
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GSnake
Tux's lil' helper
Joined: 10 Sep 2012
Posts: 120
Location: Italy
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| Posted: Thu Sep 13, 2012 12:47 pm Post subject: Re: Kernel infos [Newbie inside] |
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| DaggyStyle wrote: | | GSnake wrote: | Hello guys. I'm starting to love linux and the best part, IMHO, is the kernel compiling.
BUT, I've got a lot of doubts... how can I add new "features" to it?
Like a new governor, a new built in module for a specific peripheral...
I prefer to create an "all-in" kernel (without using modules) but... If I want to add a new feature should I recompile it over and over again?
Last but not least, what does really genkernel do? Why should I use the "initramfs"?
Thank you guys! |
have to considered reading the gentoo handbook? there is a section here about kernel config which explains it.
I refer my kernel as monolithic at most because of memory consumption that isn't needed.
genkernel suppose to build you a generic kernel which should work on all systems, it isn't customized to your system.
regarding initramfs, read this: http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/Initramfs |
Yeah I'm already compiling my kernel so I know how to build in modules and so on... but if I would like to add a new governor like "smartassv2" (first name that came in my mind [Android governor])?
I'm currently using initramfs but as I can see it's useless for me... I'm going to disable it.
One last thing... this is my lsmod output, how can I improve my kernel by disabling useless modules?
| Code: | Module Size Used by
snd_hda_codec_hdmi 21089 1
snd_hda_codec_idt 46666 1
coretemp 5150 0
hp_wmi 6978 0
sparse_keymap 2472 1 hp_wmi
arc4 1274 2
microcode 7348 0
ath9k 84138 0
pcspkr 1763 0
mac80211 173491 1 ath9k
snd_hda_intel 20296 3
ath9k_common 1848 1 ath9k
snd_hda_codec 62395 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_idt,snd_hda_intel
joydev 8663 0
ath9k_hw 340277 2 ath9k,ath9k_common
snd_hwdep 5062 1 snd_hda_codec
ath 14175 3 ath9k,ath9k_common,ath9k_hw
snd_pcm 56683 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec
snd_timer 15529 1 snd_pcm
cfg80211 139281 3 ath9k,mac80211,ath
r8169 41053 0
snd 48173 13 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_idt,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_timer
snd_page_alloc 5977 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm
rfkill 13313 2 hp_wmi,cfg80211
sha256_generic 9821 0
libiscsi 29771 0
scsi_transport_iscsi 33492 1 libiscsi
fuse 57475 1
nfs 118257 0
lockd 52035 1 nfs
sunrpc 145149 2 nfs,lockd
jfs 138968 0
scsi_wait_scan 695 0
hid_sunplus 1377 0
hid_sony 2496 0
hid_samsung 2822 0
hid_pl 1297 0
hid_petalynx 1906 0
hid_gyration 2012 0
aic94xx 64680 0
libsas 50796 1 aic94xx
lpfc 443332 0
qla2xxx 323706 0
megaraid_sas 65771 0
megaraid_mbox 24030 0
megaraid_mm 6937 1 megaraid_mbox
megaraid 35896 0
aacraid 68111 0
sx8 11252 0
DAC960 62212 0
cciss 43533 0
3w_9xxx 29257 0
3w_xxxx 20819 0
mptsas 33233 0
scsi_transport_sas 21752 3 aic94xx,libsas,mptsas
mptfc 10413 0
scsi_transport_fc 38669 3 lpfc,qla2xxx,mptfc
scsi_tgt 8328 1 scsi_transport_fc
mptspi 11327 0
mptscsih 16717 3 mptsas,mptfc,mptspi
mptbase 54808 4 mptsas,mptfc,mptspi,mptscsih
atp870u 23977 0
dc395x 26843 0
qla1280 19387 0
imm 8772 0
parport 25095 1 imm
dmx3191d 9060 0
sym53c8xx 63372 0
gdth 73075 0
advansys 51810 0
initio 15391 0
BusLogic 19357 0
arcmsr 23427 0
aic7xxx 106128 0
aic79xx 110304 0
scsi_transport_spi 17592 5 mptspi,dmx3191d,sym53c8xx,aic7xxx,aic79xx
sg 21140 0 |
EDIT (I'm adding also lspci and lsusb outputs):
lspci:
| Code: |
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b4)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev b4)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev b4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev b4)
00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 6 (rev b4)
00:1c.7 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 8 (rev b4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM65 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 6 port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 04)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Seymour [Radeon HD 6400M Series]
24:00.0 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. SD/MMC Host Controller (rev 30)
24:00.2 SD Host controller: JMicron Technology Corp. Standard SD Host Controller (rev 30)
24:00.3 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. MS Host Controller (rev 30)
25:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01)
26:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)
27:00.0 USB controller: NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 04)
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lsusb:
| Code: |
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 138a:003c Validity Sensors, Inc.
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 1bcf:2805 Sunplus Innovation Technology Inc.
Bus 002 Device 004: ID 03f0:311d Hewlett-Packard
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Laptop model: HP Probook 4530s
THanks! |
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DaggyStyle
Watchman
Joined: 22 Mar 2006
Posts: 5941
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| Posted: Thu Sep 13, 2012 4:34 pm Post subject: |
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there is no diff between enabling smartassv2 governor and enabling powersave, if it is in then you can enable it.
the best way to check llspci -k but it isn't fail proof.
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Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity and I'm not sure about the former - Albert Einstein |
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GSnake
Tux's lil' helper
Joined: 10 Sep 2012
Posts: 120
Location: Italy
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| Posted: Thu Sep 13, 2012 4:38 pm Post subject: |
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| DaggyStyle wrote: | there is no diff between enabling smartassv2 governor and enabling powersave, if it is in then you can enable it.
the best way to check llspci -k but it isn't fail proof. |
I made some heavy mod to my kernel and now it's slim! But some devices haven't got any driver... could someone please help me?
lspci -k:
| Code: |
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 167c
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM65 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 04)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 167c
24:00.0 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. SD/MMC Host Controller (rev 30)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 167c
24:00.2 SD Host controller: JMicron Technology Corp. Standard SD Host Controller (rev 30)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 167c
24:00.3 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. MS Host Controller (rev 30)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 167c
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lsmod (slim!):
| Code: | Module Size Used by
ipv6 413269 44
arc4 1780 2
hp_wmi 11638 0
coretemp 9948 0
kvm_intel 152745 0
kvm 485536 1 kvm_intel
ath9k 143784 0
mac80211 530749 1 ath9k
ath9k_common 2796 1 ath9k
ath9k_hw 461014 2 ath9k,ath9k_common
ath 23129 3 ath9k,ath9k_common,ath9k_hw
microcode 13398 0
cfg80211 255591 3 ath9k,mac80211,ath
r8169 76981 0
rfkill 22757 2 hp_wmi,cfg80211
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DaggyStyle
Watchman
Joined: 22 Mar 2006
Posts: 5941
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| Posted: Thu Sep 13, 2012 6:20 pm Post subject: |
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| Code: |
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 167c
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CONFIG_INTEL_MEI, valid from 3.6 (next kernel)
| Code: |
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM65 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 04)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 167c
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CONFIG_LPC_ICH and CONFIG_MFD_CORE
| Code: |
24:00.0 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. SD/MMC Host Controller (rev 30)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 167c
24:00.2 SD Host controller: JMicron Technology Corp. Standard SD Host Controller (rev 30)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 167c
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CONFIG_MMC
| Code: |
24:00.3 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. MS Host Controller (rev 30)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 167c
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might be CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI
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Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity and I'm not sure about the former - Albert Einstein |
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GSnake
Tux's lil' helper
Joined: 10 Sep 2012
Posts: 120
Location: Italy
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| Posted: Thu Sep 13, 2012 7:38 pm Post subject: |
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These are the "pure" .config names right?
May you explain where can I find them in the menuconfig gui? (I know how to set those parameters but I'd like their position in the menu)
Thank you very much! |
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NeddySeagoon
Administrator
Joined: 05 Jul 2003
Posts: 54848
Location: 56N 3W
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| Posted: Thu Sep 13, 2012 7:50 pm Post subject: |
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GSnake,
Make yourself a kernel following kernel-seeds.org. You will learn a lot if you think about what you are doing and why you are doing it.
For help with a seed, post to Pappys sticky in the unsupported software forum.
_________________
Regards,
NeddySeagoon
Computer users fall into two groups:-
those that do backups
those that have never had a hard drive fail. |
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GSnake
Tux's lil' helper
Joined: 10 Sep 2012
Posts: 120
Location: Italy
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| Posted: Thu Sep 13, 2012 10:30 pm Post subject: |
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| NeddySeagoon wrote: | GSnake,
Make yourself a kernel following kernel-seeds.org. You will learn a lot if you think about what you are doing and why you are doing it.
For help with a seed, post to Pappys sticky in the unsupported software forum. |
I've already compiled a "stable" kernel.. I just wanted to know the extended infos in the menuconfig. That's all. I'm sorry if I went OT.. |
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NeddySeagoon
Administrator
Joined: 05 Jul 2003
Posts: 54848
Location: 56N 3W
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| Posted: Thu Sep 13, 2012 10:39 pm Post subject: |
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GSnake,
No problem. These general principles are still good today.
You will need a good deal more coffee than when that post was written as there is a lot more inthe kenel now.
_________________
Regards,
NeddySeagoon
Computer users fall into two groups:-
those that do backups
those that have never had a hard drive fail. |
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GSnake
Tux's lil' helper
Joined: 10 Sep 2012
Posts: 120
Location: Italy
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| Posted: Thu Sep 13, 2012 10:54 pm Post subject: |
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Ok thanks! I'm improving although!
By the way those flags don't help... still not working.  |
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DaggyStyle
Watchman
Joined: 22 Mar 2006
Posts: 5941
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| Posted: Fri Sep 14, 2012 9:13 am Post subject: |
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| GSnake wrote: | Ok thanks! I'm improving although!
By the way those flags don't help... still not working. |
compile them as modules, you will be able to verify if there were compiled.
see mine:
| Code: | dagg@NCC-5001-D ~ $ lspci -k; lsmod
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09)
Kernel modules: intel-agp
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port (rev 09)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
Subsystem: Giga-byte Technology Device 1c3a
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05)
Subsystem: Giga-byte Technology Device 5006
Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd
Kernel modules: ehci-hcd
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 05)
Subsystem: Giga-byte Technology Device a002
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b5)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev b5)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev b5)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev b5)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05)
Subsystem: Giga-byte Technology Device 5006
Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd
Kernel modules: ehci-hcd
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Z68 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 05)
Subsystem: Giga-byte Technology Device 5001
Kernel driver in use: lpc_ich
Kernel modules: lpc_ich
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SATA AHCI Controller (rev 05)
Subsystem: Giga-byte Technology Device b005
Kernel driver in use: ahci
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 05)
Subsystem: Giga-byte Technology Device 5001
Kernel driver in use: i801_smbus
Kernel modules: i2c-i801
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Manhattan [Mobility Radeon HD 5430 Series]
Subsystem: PC Partner Limited Device 6000
Kernel driver in use: radeon
Kernel modules: radeon
01:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Cedar HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 5400/6300 Series]
Subsystem: PC Partner Limited Device aa68
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)
Subsystem: Giga-byte Technology GA-EP45-DS5/GA-EG45M-DS2H Motherboard
Kernel driver in use: r8169
Kernel modules: r8169
04:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8892 (rev 10)
06:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RV630 [Radeon HD 3600 Series]
Subsystem: PC Partner Limited Device e540
Kernel driver in use: radeon
Kernel modules: radeon
06:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RV635 HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 3600 Series]
Subsystem: PC Partner Limited Device aa20
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel
Module Size Used by
xt_LOG 7564 2
it87 38193 0
hwmon_vid 3368 1 it87
snd_usb_audio 119499 2
snd_usbmidi_lib 19568 1 snd_usb_audio
snd_rawmidi 20661 1 snd_usbmidi_lib
snd_seq_device 6016 1 snd_rawmidi
hid_uclogic 2880 0
xfs 438961 1
exportfs 3856 1 xfs
iTCO_wdt 6489 0
snd_hda_codec_hdmi 23934 2
intel_agp 11757 0
r8169 52636 0
i2c_i801 8449 0
intel_gtt 16021 1 intel_agp
snd_hda_codec_realtek 62655 1
lpc_ich 10877 0
mii 4591 1 r8169
mfd_core 3153 1 lpc_ich
radeon 851464 5
ttm 70544 1 radeon
coretemp 5236 0
drm_kms_helper 29339 1 radeon
snd_hda_intel 25483 6
snd_hda_codec 97496 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel
snd_hwdep 6123 2 snd_usb_audio,snd_hda_codec
snd_pcm 80713 4 snd_usb_audio,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec
snd_timer 20189 1 snd_pcm
snd 66605 27 snd_usb_audio,snd_usbmidi_lib,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_timer
snd_page_alloc 7613 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm
ehci_hcd 40743 0
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Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity and I'm not sure about the former - Albert Einstein |
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NeddySeagoon
Administrator
Joined: 05 Jul 2003
Posts: 54848
Location: 56N 3W
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| Posted: Fri Sep 14, 2012 6:36 pm Post subject: |
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GSnake,
There are a few trivial errors we all make from time to time related to kernel building and installing. Indeed, I once helped someone with sound for about 8 hours on IRC before I checked exactly how they were building and installing the kernel. The problem was fixed after about 45 minutes but we just didn't know it.
These errors are made by both newbies and old hands alike. The difference is the old hands know the following
a) forgetting to mount /boot. The old kernel is still loaded. The problem may be fixed but it appears not.
First reboot on a new kernel, run and look at | Code: | $ uname -a
Linux NeddySeagoon 3.5.2-gentoo #1 SMP PREEMPT Sun Aug 19 12:15:45 BST 2012 x86_64 AMD Phenom(tm) II X6 1090T Processor AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux |
The #1 is the number of times this kernel has been built. The Sun Aug 19 12:15:45 BST 2012 is the build time and date 3.5.2-gentoo is the kernel version.
The big giveaway here is the date. If you have just built a new kernel it should be nowish.
This also picks up things like not fixing grub.conf if needed, forgetting to run /sbin/lilo, if you are a lilo user (are there any left?).
b) Not having /usr/src/linux pointing to the right kernel. This is more an issue for people using out of kernel kernel modules, like the binary blob video drivers.
The driver is built and installed for the kernel pointed to by the symlink, which need not be the kernel you are running.
Do check that readlink /usr/src/linux points to the same kernel as uname -a. It need not but if it doesn't you should understand why not.
There are a few other causes of not running the kernel you thought you were but the above tests catch them.
Finding out where things went wrong is left as an exercise to the reader.
_________________
Regards,
NeddySeagoon
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Kernel & Hardware
