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xeroxpangaea
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Joined: 30 Dec 2024
Posts: 2
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 Posted: Tue Dec 31, 2024 10:42 am Post subject: |
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| Zucca wrote: | | I'd highly recommend that you first run grub-mkconfig without any arguments and inspect the output that grub really identifies both OSes correctly and creates boot options for both. |
Will do so, thanks |
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erosenst
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Joined: 25 Jan 2025
Posts: 6
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| Posted: Tue Jan 28, 2025 1:26 pm Post subject: |
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| UlisesFrank wrote: | Hi all.
This would be my first time installing Gentoo, and I would like it to get it right.
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Hello for 30year linux user experience I recommend keep things flexible and do with method KISS.
I found near -95 that kernel support SW-raid1 and it allowed easy method to clone/backup installations and ofcourse run server installations with hot-spare-disk as it main purpose was. Cheapo hdd-mobile-racks was fine thing..
Then near 2000 it come LVM to kernel. It helped lot. No need any more to do many md-partitons for /var /usr etc..
LVM allow resize and move LV's easilly even diffrent disks or volume-groups. Only limiting thing is root-partiton, it should done without LVM due that system can boot up with it and then start LVM even with bare no-modules support kernel without initrd.
After LVM support there come situation that only two MD-partitions was enough for KISS (without KISS basically one is enough, but you stuck initramfs boot feature and it is not KISS method).
SO typical what I recommended partition scheme for linux/unix/bsd etc. distros with LVM(/or similiar) support is:
Do MS-DOS partiton table (simple, wide support = KISS). And
Do two (2) partitions at type FD (raid-auto )and put boot flag to part 1.
(if need multiboot then do more, but VM's are better option for alienOS is my opinion, FW upgrades -> PXE-boot freedos from your dhcp-server)
First 1. (bootable) partition size 1-2GB (there may be somewhere 4GB boot/bios limit, but rare. It don't hurt put 4GB if have big disk. This is some not easy job later if need resize=repartition whole disk))
Second 2. rest of disk.
For fdisk commands are:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/yourinstalldisk bs=1M count=1 (to wipe old part stuff away)
fdisk /dev/yourinstalldisk
o , n , 3GB , n , enter to use whole rest disk , a , 1 , t , 1 , fd , t , 2 , fd , w (these should do suitable partiton layout: two FD (linux-raid-auto) partitons with boot flag to first )
then
mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l1 -n2 /dev/hdd-your-P1 failed-disk
mdadm -C /dev/md1 -l1 -n2 /dev/hdd-your-P2 failed-disk
then:
mkfs.f2fs /dev/md0 (or spinning disk type better to use mkfs.ext4, well reiser is good also, but Hans reputation.. )
then:
pvcreate /dev/md1
vgcreate sys_vg /dev/md1
lvcreate -L 4G -n swap sys_vg
lvcreate -L 50G -n usr sys_vg
lvcreate -L 6G -n var sys_vg
lvcreate -L 4G -n tmp sys_vg (if want avoid separate tmp-lv then can symlink /tmp to /var/tmp and opposite symlink /var/tmp to /tmp, so no two tmp's if not will so)
lvcreate -L 400G -n home sys_vg
(fits 500GB and leave little grow space for some LV if go full)
then filesystems (ext4/reiser if spinning disk):
mkfs.f2fs /dev/sys_vg/usr
mkfs.f2fs /dev/sys_vg/var
mkfs.f2fs /dev/sys_vg/tmp
mkfs.f2fs /dev/sys_vg/home
mkswap /dev/sys_vg/swap
If lowmem swapon /dev/sys_vg/swap
mounts (in istallation env):
mount /dev/md0 /mnt/gentoo
mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/mnt/sys_vg/usr
mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/mnt/sys_vg/var
mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/mnt/sys_vg/tmp
mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/mnt/sys_vg/home
mount -o nosuid,noatime /dev/sys_vg/usr /mnt/gentoo/mnt/sys_vg/usr
mount -o nosuid,noatime /dev/sys_vg/var /mnt/gentoo/mnt/sys_vg/var
mount -o nosuid,noatime /dev/sys_vg/tmp /mnt/gentoo/mnt/sys_vg/tmp
mount -o nosuid,noatime /dev/sys_vg/home /mnt/gentoo/mnt/sys_vg/home
ln -s /mnt/sys_vg/usr /mn/gentoo/usr
ln -s /mnt/sys_vg/var /mn/gentoo/var
ln -s /mnt/sys_vg/tmp /mn/gentoo/tmp
ln -s /mnt/sys_vg/home /mn/gentoo/home
ln -s /mnt/sys_vg/usr /mn/gentoo/usr
ln -s /mnt/sys_vg/tmp /mn/gentoo/var/tmp (if will do so)
chmod -t /mnt/gentoo/mnt/sys_vg/tmp (sticybit..)
mkdir /mnt/gentoo/etc
cat > /mnt/gentoo/etc/fstab
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
/dev/md0 / f2fs ro,noatime 0 1
/dev/sys_vg/swap none swap sw 0 0
/dev/sys_vg/usr /mnt/sys_vg/usr f2fs nosuid,noatime,quota 0 2
/dev/sys_vg/var /mnt/sys_vg/var f2fs nosuid,noatime,quota 0 2
/dev/sys_vg/tmp /mnt/sys_vg/tmp f2fs nosuid,noatime,quota 0 2
/dev/sys_vg/home /mnt/sys_vg/home f2fs nosuid,noatime,quota 0 2
ctrl+d (to write it, or use nano)
Then untar suitable stage-file to /mn/gentoo. There is war between separate-usr or systemd, so select OpenRC to support separate usr. There is no sense to support braindead systemd needs.
As you see root is typically RO-situation and is not writable. Other partitons are mounted with nosuid. So basically system have only two binaries with suid-bit set: /sbin/sudo and /sbin/su. Basically suid can remove from su if will do so.
Quotas can set so users don't accidentally bloat whole disk. This setup generate quite secure/functional installation. Only thing what need to do when upgrade/install something (system wide, /usr/local user permissions etc. possible, with no suid..) is to
mount -o remount,rw / and when done same with -o ro so dosn't leave writable state..
Best installation method I had was boot server with dhcpd + /tftpboot + PXE + preseeded netinstall. But current ubuntu/debian have moved to systemd and braindead situation that my favorite/flexible installation method dosn't work with them systemd merged-usr stupid unsecure unflexible forced bloat things (avahi etc. things that I really hate. Binded to low level packs and is irritating to remove from /var../status file).
Gentoo don't seems support preseed PXE installation yet.? (or I'm wrong.?)
Bloat window-managers are things what I hate. Old kde2 was functional, but then functionality/quality have dropped to unsuitable state. They have added more code and done unneccesary bloat. Consume cpu/ram and try to be smarter than user. Irritating popups, really hate to click them down debian/ubuntu is full of them and they hold almost zero information. If need system information, then can keep small syslog-window open in some corner.
Maybe need to construct system with DWM or something low load window-manager. Need also some script to kill typical +2GB "web-content" processes. They crash typical debian/ubuntu machines. Ofcourse build up database against sites that do that kind of bloat web codes, truth/evidences can collect from that oom-killer-script. They should to put pay from their unallowed cpu/ram consumption..
Maybe there can be some bar-process (lemonbar.?) in WM with "start"-button, maybe include even "install-bloat"-menu if user needs some eyes-irritating bloats to be installed, but then it is user selection no default installation selection. My quide is that install only minimum, but offer option for user to add more easilly. So faster installation to booted up and some level usable desktop to continue install needed soft. Gentoo needs cpu due compilation so during that user can say netsurff or something else (maybe user selections for first programs to get desktop solitare/firefox.?)..
WM-virtual desktops support should be wide enough to support xrandr added devices. I have also untypical need to group virtual desktops to groups that have local (=private) desktops, Remote - desktops with two gategory: one for incoming remote desktops (screens from servers etc. And second for shared remote dektops, where I can "move-to-dektop"-menu some windowms and they are then shared to between workgroup users joined that "channel" without losing kbd/mouse inputs too much to workgroup..
Then if develop say program and want some opinions about it can "throw" it to workgroup "channel" and its progrem-window is showed to workgroup members and it can be used through that window. Received user cant't kill it but can "return-to-sender" to get ride-of that window in their special remote virtual-dektop.. Some log system to show how many user have it open. Basically 80% is done if personalized window send-to-user works, so single input for one window so no pointer sharing situation or reserve pointer/kbd (remote/local) switch (diffrent look remote pointer arrow, upside-down.?) ..
This is my KISS method. Maybe someone have other opinions but I say that separate-usr support is needed and without it OS is some windows bloat clone or something unfunctional system. Maybe ubuntu capitalization/marketting have won and forced debian & etc. that falseness user-is-stupid and need to do secret things for user and hide/keep secrets not to touch user so user never learn and stay stupid forever situation so can sell consults and full bloat for money making.. |
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Installing Gentoo
