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rutherford
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Joined: 13 Dec 2011
Posts: 31
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 Posted: Tue Dec 13, 2011 2:44 pm Post subject: Initramfs not created by genkernel |
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I followed the handbook installation and am using the latest minimal iso due to the low RAM in my laptop - 96Mb. However I'm going to run it with the default server profile as it's just a small dev webserver I need to get up and running.
However initramfs did not get created on
What's the likely reason for this? I thought it would be created as I used genkernel all and want the frambuffer for the wee linux graphic at boot. Did I miss out any steps? |
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NeddySeagoon
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| Posted: Tue Dec 13, 2011 7:15 pm Post subject: |
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rutherford,
Welcome to Gentoo.
genkernel should have left a log behind if it failed to build for any reason.
Did it install the kernel into /boot ?
How big is your /boot, maybe its too smal for grub, the kernel and your initrd, which whoul have been installed last.
You will get a leaner meaner kernel, which builds much faster than genkernel if you follow Pappys Seeds and no initrd required.
_________________
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NeddySeagoon
Computer users fall into two groups:-
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rutherford
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Joined: 13 Dec 2011
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| Posted: Tue Dec 13, 2011 7:40 pm Post subject: |
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I'm currently rebuilding but will check and report back anything found. Is the genkernel logged to file or just stdout? Yes the kernel got installed in /boot
What is pappys seeds? I checked the link and am not totally happy learning about make menuconfig right now. |
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NeddySeagoon
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| Posted: Tue Dec 13, 2011 8:11 pm Post subject: |
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rutherford,
All builds are logged to files but on successful build and install the log is removed.
Upon failure, the location of the log is included in the error message and the log retained until you delete it.
The log is a part of the build process, which by default takes place in /var/tmp/portage
The genkernel log is quite big. If you want to post it use wgetpaste, which you will need to emerge.
wgetpaste /path/to/log and post the URL you get back.
To keep logs permanently add | Code: | PORTAGE_ELOG_CLASSES="info wan error log qa"
PORT_LOGDIR=/var/log/portage/ |
to your make.conf and logs will be saved into $PORT_LOGDIR
Pappys Seeds has been on the forums for over three years from memory. Its a set of 'seed' kernel .config files to which you add your own hardware and filesystem support following the instructions on the site. Download the 'seed' file for yoru kernel version and follow the instructions. You only do thisn once as when you have a working kernel .config file, you migrate it from one kernel to another.
Genkernel builds a fully modular kernel, including every module known to Linus, so the build time is large compared to a custom kernel.
A custom kernel takes longer to set up and is much faster to build. On slow systems, I can set up a kernel from scratch, just with make menuconfig and build it and beat genkernel by an hour or so.
_________________
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NeddySeagoon
Computer users fall into two groups:-
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rutherford
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Joined: 13 Dec 2011
Posts: 31
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| Posted: Tue Dec 13, 2011 11:47 pm Post subject: |
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contents of /var/log/genkernel.log: http://pastebin.com/pP3CUHkt
| Code: |
(chroot) livecd linux # ls -l /boot
total 4509
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1571028 Dec 12 2011 System.map-genkernel-x86-3.0.6-gentoo
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1 Dec 13 2011 boot -> .
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Dec 13 2011 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3011216 Dec 12 2011 kernel-genkernel-x86-3.0.6-gentoo
drwx------ 2 root root 12288 Dec 7 03:27 lost+found
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| Code: |
(chroot) livecd linux # fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 6007 MB, 6007357440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 730 cylinders, total 11733120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 67583 32768 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 67584 1116159 524288 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 1116160 11733119 5308480 83 Linux
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I know it says there's errors there but I'm not able to relate them to anything in the process I've went through. I will just go ahead with leaving initramfs out for now but I don't mind a bit more work if it makes me understand things better. |
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rutherford
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Joined: 13 Dec 2011
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| Posted: Wed Dec 14, 2011 12:04 am Post subject: |
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| hmm and just looking at that fstab I see I've used entered sda as in the handbook but my hd is ide so I guess I'll need to change that... |
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rutherford
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Joined: 13 Dec 2011
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| Posted: Wed Dec 14, 2011 12:47 am Post subject: |
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I've lost myself. To recap I commented out the initramfs ref in grub.conf and rebooted only to run into kernel panic 'Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0)'
I went back in using my livecd and chrooted, went to /etc/fstab and got the following:
| Code: |
(chroot) livecd / # more /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# noatime turns off atimes for increased performance (atimes normally aren't
# needed); notail increases performance of ReiserFS (at the expense of storage
# efficiency). It's safe to drop the noatime options if you want and to
# switch between notail / tail freely.
#
# The root filesystem should have a pass number of either 0 or 1.
# All other filesystems should have a pass number of 0 or greater than 1.
#
# See the manpage fstab(5) for more information.
#
# <fs> <mountpoint> <type> <opts> <dump/pa
ss>
# NOTE: If your BOOT partition is ReiserFS, add the notail option to opts.
/dev/BOOT /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2
/dev/ROOT / ext3 noatime 0 1
/dev/SWAP none swap sw 0 0
/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,ro 0 0
/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto noauto 0 0
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I had expected to see /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda3 in place of /dev/BOOT and /dev/ROOT. Why aren't they or am I (likely) missing something? |
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John R. Graham
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Location: Somewhere over Atlanta, Georgia
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| Posted: Wed Dec 14, 2011 1:40 am Post subject: |
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You're supposed to edit that file yourself based on the partitioning scheme you chose. However, I don't think the kernel is getting there yet. Are you still pursuing genkernel or a fully manual configuration?
I don't think the standard genkernel generated kernel will launch without its associated initramfs. Depending on what you're currently trying, we probably ought to try to solve that.
- John
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Jaglover
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rutherford
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Joined: 13 Dec 2011
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| Posted: Wed Dec 14, 2011 2:51 pm Post subject: |
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This is the kernel panic I got with booting without initramfs:
http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7035/6508191807_3fea127d02_z.jpg
Re MAKEOPTS="-j2" I understood this was standard x+1 where x is # of cores? Take it I should run with -j1 instead?
Either way if the above image doesn't provide any additional clues from anyone I'll start from the beginning of the handbook but not use genkernel this time. |
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John R. Graham
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| Posted: Wed Dec 14, 2011 3:30 pm Post subject: |
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Two things you're going to have to do to make successful compiles in that sort of memory limited environment:- Make sure you have swap set up and enabled in your chroot. I'd recommend a GiB.
- Set CFLAGS for minimum memory use. That includes "-j1" and also forcing the compiler to use temporary files by eliminating the "-pipe" option if you've got it. In this case, your limited memory trumps the "number of cores plus one" thumb rule.
- John
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Last edited by John R. Graham on Wed Dec 14, 2011 11:31 pm; edited 1 time in total |
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NeddySeagoon
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| Posted: Wed Dec 14, 2011 7:43 pm Post subject: |
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rutherford,
Your kernel build shows several problems. Other posters have addressed the kernel Out Of Memory Manager killing random processes to keep the kernel alive.
As the other warnings say, your builds may be incomplete. This is because make looks at file timestamps to determie what to do. If an existing .o file is newer than the files its built from, make assumes its ok to just reuse it and the build is skipped. That may not be true in your case as your clock seems to have been stepped backwards.
*NIX depends on monotinic time for correct operation. You can fix this for the kernel build by starting off with to remove ann existing binary files, thus forcing everything to be made again.
Your kernel panic from booting a genkernel kernel without its matching initrd is to be expected.
Genkernel builds a fully modular kernel - the kernel file itself contains no hardware device driver code. Instead, the kernel file is loaded, the initrd file is loaded, then the kernel uses the initrd file as a temporary root filesystem. The modules needed to control your hard drive chipset, read the root filesyste,m and loaded from thid this root filesystem, before your hard drave partitions are mounted. With no initrd, you have no way to read your hard drive.
Building a genkernel kernel on your hardware will be painfully slow as most of the code genkernel will build will never be used. It will just take up space in your initrd and in /lib/modules. kernel-seeds.org really will be faster. No matter what kernel you choose to build, you will need swap.
Do you have another Gentoo box that could be a build host for this system?
_________________
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NeddySeagoon
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rutherford
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Joined: 13 Dec 2011
Posts: 31
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| Posted: Wed Dec 14, 2011 11:00 pm Post subject: |
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Don't have another Gentoo box, this is my first Linux build from scratch so to speak.
what lines where the OOM warnings just so I know what to look for?
Thanks for the advice I'll start from the beginning again with a format, kernel seeds, 1 GiB of swap, CFLAGS j1/force temp files/no -pipe. |
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rutherford
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Joined: 13 Dec 2011
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| Posted: Thu Dec 15, 2011 12:28 am Post subject: |
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| btw I find the guide on kernel-seeds.org a bit hard to follow, I'm sure it makes perfect sense if your familiar with the tools but are there any other resources for users less familiar with the ins and outs of hardware drivers? A conceptual overview would be really useful too |
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rutherford
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Joined: 13 Dec 2011
Posts: 31
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| Posted: Thu Dec 15, 2011 1:07 am Post subject: |
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To give a bit more info into what I need, I entered my lspci -n output into that site referenced and got the following back:
| Code: |
PCI ID Works? Vendor Device Driver Kernel
80867194 Intel Corporation 82440MX Host Bridge
80867195 Yes Intel Corporation 82440MX AC'97 Audio Controller snd-intel8x0 v2.6.25-
104cac1c Yes Texas Instruments PCI1225 yenta_socket v2.6.25-
104cac1c Yes Texas Instruments PCI1225 yenta_socket v2.6.25-
10024c52 Yes ATI Technologies Inc Rage Mobility P/M atyfb v2.6.27-
11c10450 Agere Systems LT WinModem
80867198 Yes Intel Corporation 82440MX ISA Bridge ignore
80867199 Yes Intel Corporation 82440MX EIDE Controller ata_piix v2.6.25-
8086719a Yes Intel Corporation 82440MX USB Universal Host Controller usb-uhci,uhci-hcd
8086719b Yes Intel Corporation 82440MX Power Management Controller i2c-piix4 v2.6.25-
10ec8139 Yes Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ 8139cp,8139too v2.6.25-
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cat /proc/cpuinfo gives me
| Code: |
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 8
model name : Celeron (Coppermine)
stepping : 1
cpu MHz : 498.270
cache size : 128 KB
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 2
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 sep mtrr pge mca cmov pse36 mmx fxsr sse up
bogomips : 996.54
clflush size : 32
cache_alignment : 32
address sizes : 36 bits physical, 32 bits virtual
power management:
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Now when he's doing his make menuconfig thing he seems to know what the needs of his system are but I'm pretty clueless about mine detailed above. |
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cach0rr0
Bodhisattva
Joined: 13 Nov 2008
Posts: 4123
Location: Houston, Republic of Texas
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| Posted: Thu Dec 15, 2011 5:53 am Post subject: |
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those drivers it lists? if youre in menuconfig, hit the /forwardslash to search, type in those driver names, it will show you a tree-like listing that tells how to find them
also, if it helps, here's a video/screencast showing how to use the seeds etc - http://vimeo.com/7733701
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Jaglover
Watchman
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NeddySeagoon
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| Posted: Thu Dec 15, 2011 7:39 pm Post subject: |
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rutherford,
| Code: | | gcc: Internal error: Killed (program cc1) |
is gcc complaining about being killed.
The kernel controls all your hardware and controls which processes may use and when.
You may hear the term 'software stack'. This is a reference to the layers of software in the kernel that working together, performa a specific task.
Lets take the SCSI Stak as an example, mostly becase you will be using that to control your hard drives.
The top layer of this stack can be configured under
| Code: | Device Drivers --->
SCSI device support ---> |
Looking in there we find | Code: | │ │ < > RAID Transport Class │ │
│ │ -*- SCSI device support │ │
│ │ < > SCSI target support │ │
│ │ [*] legacy /proc/scsi/ support │ │
│ │ *** SCSI support type (disk, tape, CD-ROM) *** │ │
│ │ <*> SCSI disk support │ │
│ │ < > SCSI tape support │ │
│ │ < > SCSI OnStream SC-x0 tape support │ │
│ │ <*> SCSI CDROM support │ │
│ │ [ ] Enable vendor-specific extensions (for SCSI CDROM) │ │
│ │ <*> SCSI generic support │ │
│ │ < > SCSI media changer support │ │
│ │ [*] Probe all LUNs on each SCSI device │ │
│ │ [ ] Verbose SCSI error reporting (kernel size +=12K) │ │
│ │ [ ] SCSI logging facility │ │
│ │ [ ] Asynchronous SCSI scanning │ │
│ │ SCSI Transports ---> │ │
│ │ [ ] SCSI low-level drivers ---> │ │
│ │ < > SCSI Device Handlers ---> │ │
│ │ < > OSD-Initiator library |
I won't go through all the options here.
<*> SCSI disk support says that you would like the kernel to support SCSI disks. Thats a good idea beacuse all disks, no matter the electrical interface are controlled under the SCSI stsck now.
<*> SCSI CDROM support. If you have a CDROM at all, you need this for the same reason you need SCSI disk. All CDROMs are controlled this way.
<*> SCSI generic support is a little harder to justify. Lots of things pretend to be SCSI, especially USB devices. The SCSI protocal is implemented over the USB. Its a good idea but you system will still boot without it.
[*] Probe all LUNs on each SCSI device is needed for things like USB card readers. SCSI is a real bus topology. The oldest implementaion allowed for 8 devies on the SCSI bus, one of which had to be the controller. Each SCSI device can support a number of logical units. So a USB memory card reader, is a singles SCSI device but each slot is a logical unit. Without this option, only one slot in the cared reader will work.
Enough on this layer. Notice we have not yet discussed any specific hardware. This top level of the SCSI Stach exposes two generic interfaces with the kernel. One upwards towards higer levels of the block device subsystem, one downwards to the hardware specific parts. This makes it easy to add support for new hardware one it comes along.
You don't rewrite a special SCSI Stack for it, which would be wasteful, you write a new driver that fits between the hardware and the bottom of the SCSI Stack I've just described.
Moving down a level but staying in the same menu, we have | Code: | | [ ] SCSI low-level drivers ---> |
look in there if you like. Thats all the options to support real SCSI hardware. You don't need any of those but genkernel will build most of them for you.
Goiny up a menu level, look in | Code: | | <*> Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers ---> |
This is all of the SATA and PATA drivers that fit between the bottom of the top level SCSI and the various hard drive chip sets supported by the kernel. You need exactly one of these. Again genkernel will build most of them.
Your hard drive chip set needs
| Code: | [*] ATA SFF support
[*] ATA BMDMA support
<*> Intel ESB, ICH, PIIX3, PIIX4 PATA/SATA support |
any other options are just bloat.
Read the kernel help on that option and notice the kernel symbol name CONFIG_ATA_PIIX
The same idea applies to the ALSA kernel drivers. You need exactly one. The one called snd-intel8x0. No need to have genkernel build all of the rest too.
OK, you might be able to use the modem part of that option if your laptops modem is attached to the sound card.
Hint | Code: | │ < > Intel/SiS/nVidia/AMD/ALi AC97 Controller │ │
│ │ < > Intel/SiS/nVidia/AMD MC97 Modem |
its these options in menuconfig but I'll leabe to to use the search to find them
The same ideas of commonality and layers of software apply all over the kernel.
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NeddySeagoon
Computer users fall into two groups:-
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rutherford
n00b
Joined: 13 Dec 2011
Posts: 31
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| Posted: Mon Dec 19, 2011 6:10 pm Post subject: |
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thanks for the great advice and resources all - I started from scratch using kernel seeds and your pointers. It seemed to do the trick, as in gentoo booted successfully to cli however I failed in one aspect - getting my pc card ethernet adapter to be recognised. Gentoo gave me an error at startup saying failed to start networking with eth0 where the device is.
My card is a fairly generic (PC World - UK computer chain own-brand) pcmcia ethernet adapter. Can I enable support for it from within my new linux install or do I need to go back to the livecd?
I should also point out that the livecd contained drivers for it no problem - I just booted gentoo dopcmcia from the cd. I'm unsure how to find out what one it used and the procedure to make my new install support it though? |
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rutherford
n00b
Joined: 13 Dec 2011
Posts: 31
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| Posted: Mon Dec 19, 2011 6:37 pm Post subject: |
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| rutherford wrote: | To give a bit more info into what I need, I entered my lspci -n output into that site referenced and got the following back:
| Code: |
PCI ID Works? Vendor Device Driver Kernel
80867194 Intel Corporation 82440MX Host Bridge
80867195 Yes Intel Corporation 82440MX AC'97 Audio Controller snd-intel8x0 v2.6.25-
104cac1c Yes Texas Instruments PCI1225 yenta_socket v2.6.25-
104cac1c Yes Texas Instruments PCI1225 yenta_socket v2.6.25-
10024c52 Yes ATI Technologies Inc Rage Mobility P/M atyfb v2.6.27-
11c10450 Agere Systems LT WinModem
80867198 Yes Intel Corporation 82440MX ISA Bridge ignore
80867199 Yes Intel Corporation 82440MX EIDE Controller ata_piix v2.6.25-
8086719a Yes Intel Corporation 82440MX USB Universal Host Controller usb-uhci,uhci-hcd
8086719b Yes Intel Corporation 82440MX Power Management Controller i2c-piix4 v2.6.25-
10ec8139 Yes Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ 8139cp,8139too v2.6.25-
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Hmm I just see I must have missed out on checking for 8139cp,8139too. Do I need to build the kernel again? |
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cach0rr0
Bodhisattva
Joined: 13 Nov 2008
Posts: 4123
Location: Houston, Republic of Texas
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| Posted: Mon Dec 19, 2011 8:16 pm Post subject: |
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| rutherford wrote: |
Hmm I just see I must have missed out on checking for 8139cp,8139too. Do I need to build the kernel again? |
you just need to make one slight tweak; go into menuconfig, add the driver as a module (not a built-in), exit menuconfig, "make && make modules_install", then you should be able to load the driver with "modprobe <drivername>"
You dont even need to reboot 
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NeddySeagoon
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| Posted: Mon Dec 19, 2011 8:59 pm Post subject: |
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rutherford,
Make a post in Pappys Kernel Seeds Support Thread I know he will appreciate the positive feedback.
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NeddySeagoon
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rutherford
n00b
Joined: 13 Dec 2011
Posts: 31
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| Posted: Mon Dec 19, 2011 9:10 pm Post subject: |
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When I search for the driver (8139too) in menuconfig I get
| Code: | Symbol: 8139TOO [=n] │
│ Type : tristate │
│ Prompt: RealTek RTL-8129/8130/8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support │
│ Defined at drivers/net/Kconfig:1638 │
│ Depends on: NETDEVICES [=y] && NET_ETHERNET [=y] && NET_PCI [=n] && P │
│ Location: │
│ -> Device Drivers │
│ -> Network device support (NETDEVICES [=y]) │
│ -> Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) (NET_ETHERNET [=y]) │
│ Selects: CRC32 [=y] && MII [=n] │
│ │
│ │
│ Symbol: 8139TOO_8129 [=n] │
│ Type : boolean │
│ Prompt: Support for older RTL-8129/8130 boards │
│ Defined at drivers/net/Kconfig:1672 │
│ Depends on: NETDEVICES [=y] && NET_ETHERNET [=y] && 8139TOO [=n] │
│ Location: │
│ -> Device Drivers │
│ -> Network device support (NETDEVICES [=y]) │
│ -> Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) (NET_ETHERNET [=y]) │
│ -> RealTek RTL-8129/8130/8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter suppo │
│ │
│ │
│ Symbol: 8139TOO_PIO [=n] │
│ Type : boolean │
│ Prompt: Use PIO instead of MMIO │
│ Defined at drivers/net/Kconfig:1651 │
│ Depends on: NETDEVICES [=y] && NET_ETHERNET [=y] && 8139TOO [=n] │
│ Location: │
│ -> Device Drivers │
│ -> Network device support (NETDEVICES [=y]) │
│ -> Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) (NET_ETHERNET [=y]) │
│ -> RealTek RTL-8129/8130/8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter suppo │
│ │
│ │
│ Symbol: 8139TOO_TUNE_TWISTER [=n] │
│ Type : boolean │
│ Prompt: Support for uncommon RTL-8139 rev. K (automatic channel equaliz │
│ Defined at drivers/net/Kconfig:1661 │
│ Depends on: NETDEVICES [=y] && NET_ETHERNET [=y] && 8139TOO [=n] │
│ Location: │
│ -> Device Drivers │
│ -> Network device support (NETDEVICES [=y]) │
│ -> Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) (NET_ETHERNET [=y]) │
│ -> RealTek RTL-8129/8130/8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support |
However None of these are listed under 'Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)' or anywhere else that I can see. What do I do? |
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NeddySeagoon
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Location: 56N 3W
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| Posted: Mon Dec 19, 2011 9:22 pm Post subject: |
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rutherford,
Sooo close.
| Code: | Symbol: 8139TOO [=n] │
│ Type : tristate │
│ Prompt: RealTek RTL-8129/8130/8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support │
│ Defined at drivers/net/Kconfig:1638 │
│ Depends on: NETDEVICES [=y] && NET_ETHERNET [=y] && NET_PCI [=n] && P │
│ Location: │
│ -> Device Drivers │
│ -> Network device support (NETDEVICES [=y]) │
│ -> Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) (NET_ETHERNET [=y]) │
│ Selects: CRC32 [=y] && MII [=n] |
is the one you want.
The prompt you will see is | Code: | | RealTek RTL-8129/8130/8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support |
but before you can see it the dependancies must be satisfied.
Thats the | Code: | | Depends on: NETDEVICES [=y] && NET_ETHERNET [=y] && NET_PCI [=n] && P... |
in the message.
You have NET_PCI [=n] in your kernel now, so search for that symblol and turn it on. If its a Y/N option you will have to rebuild your entire kernel, install the kernel to /boot and reboot into in.
That Depends on line you posted is not complete ... you may need other symbols too.
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Regards,
NeddySeagoon
Computer users fall into two groups:-
those that do backups
those that have never had a hard drive fail. |
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cach0rr0
Bodhisattva
Joined: 13 Nov 2008
Posts: 4123
Location: Houston, Republic of Texas
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| Posted: Mon Dec 19, 2011 9:24 pm Post subject: |
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rutherford,
if you look at the above, where it says "Prompt" is how it will be displayed in menuconfig
If you look at the "Depends on", it will show you different symbols you have to enable in order for that driver to work correctly
In the case of 8139TOO (the first one, the one you want), it looks like you need NET_PCI enabled; so do the /search trick again, find NET_PCI, enable that, then enable 8139TOO
EDIT: I'm too slow, NeddySeagoon beat me to the punch!
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Lost configuring your system?
dump lspci -n here | see Pappy's guide | Link Stash |
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Installing Gentoo
